SciBits

A Feasibility Study of Patients with Major Depression and Substance Use Disorders: Vortioxetine as Maintenance Treatment

First, vortioxetine significantly reduced depressive symptom severity over six months in patients with comorbid major depressive disorder and substance use disorders.
Second, treatment was associated with improvements in global functioning and quality of life.
Third, cognitive and executive functions improved during vortioxetine maintenance treatment.
Fourth, a significant reduction in the use of several substances, particularly alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine, was observed.
Fifth, the findings support the feasibility and potential utility of vortioxetine in dual-diagnosis populations in real-world settings.

Effect of vortioxetine in subjects with major depressive and alcohol use disorders: a 6-month retrospective analysis

First, vortioxetine significantly improved depressive symptoms in patients with comorbid major depressive disorder and alcohol use disorder.
Second, remission rates were comparable between patients with and without alcohol use disorder.
Third, anxiety, anhedonia, cognitive performance, and overall functioning improved during treatment.
Fourth, vortioxetine was well tolerated and showed a favorable safety profile in this comorbid population.
Fifth, the results suggest vortioxetine as a suitable pharmacological option within integrated treatment programs for MDD and AUD.

Effectiveness and Safety of Vortioxetine for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder in the Real World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

First, real-world studies show that vortioxetine produces large improvements in depressive symptom severity in patients with major depressive disorder.
Second, significant benefits were also observed in cognitive functioning and functional disability.
Third, pooled response and remission rates were high across observational studies.
Fourth, vortioxetine demonstrated good tolerability with low dropout rates and nausea as the most common adverse event.
Fifth, the findings support vortioxetine as an effective and safe antidepressant in routine clinical practice.

Vortioxetine in major depressive disorder: from mechanisms of action to clinical studies. An updated review

First, vortioxetine is a multimodal antidepressant combining serotonin reuptake inhibition with receptor modulation.
Second, this pharmacological profile explains its antidepressant, anxiolytic, and procognitive effects.
Third, clinical studies demonstrate favorable efficacy and tolerability compared with other antidepressants.
Fourth, vortioxetine shows particular benefits for cognitive symptoms and functional recovery in depression.
Fifth, the review supports vortioxetine as a promising option for patients with major depressive disorder and comorbid conditions.

Vortioxetine – pharmacological properties and use in mood disorders. The current state of knowledge

First, vortioxetine shows robust antidepressant efficacy across randomized trials, open studies, and meta-analyses.
Second, the drug improves not only mood symptoms but also anhedonia and cognitive functioning.
Third, its multimodal mechanism contributes to a favorable tolerability profile.
Fourth, vortioxetine appears effective in elderly patients and in those with somatic or psychiatric comorbidities.
Fifth, the review highlights vortioxetine as a well-tolerated option supporting functional recovery in mood disorders.

Vortioxetine for depression in adults: A systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

First, vortioxetine shows a clear dose–response relationship for antidepressant efficacy in major depressive disorder.
Second, the estimated optimal efficacy range lies between approximately 5 and 20 mg per day.
Third, higher doses are associated with increased efficacy but reduced tolerability.
Fourth, acceptability and safety outcomes worsen modestly with increasing dosage.
Fifth, the findings inform dose optimization and support further research beyond current licensed doses.

Negotiating the divide: Science, politics, and institutional boundaries in Swiss cannabis regulation

1. This qualitative study explores how Swiss stakeholders construct boundaries between medical and non-medical cannabis regulation.
2. Conceptual boundary work frames medical cannabis as scientific while positioning non-medical use as social or political.
3. Structural boundary work relies heavily on insurance reimbursement rules and pharmacy-based distribution.
4. Cannabis pilot trials using pharmacies challenge these boundaries and create regulatory tensions.
5. The authors argue that rigid boundary work may obscure the complex realities of cannabis use and policy.

Association of Recreational Cannabis Legalization with Frequency of Using Cannabis for Sleep

1. This population-based twin study examined associations between recreational cannabis legalization and cannabis use for sleep.
2. Legalization was associated with more frequent cannabis use for sleep, independent of mental health and sleep quality.
3. No association was observed with alcohol or prescription sleep medication use for sleep.
4. Co-use of cannabis with other sleep aids was not increased in legalization contexts.
5. Findings raise questions about self-medication for sleep in legalized environments.

The rise of psilocybin use in the United States

1. This multisource observational study documents rising psilocybin use in the United States since 2019.
2. Increases were observed across all age groups, particularly young and older adults.
3. Psilocybin use was more common among individuals with mental health conditions or chronic pain.
4. Poison center calls related to psilocybin increased substantially, especially among youth.
5. Findings underscore the need for public health surveillance alongside liberalization trends.

Molecular design of a therapeutic LSD analogue with reduced hallucinogenic potential

1. This preclinical study describes the development of a novel LSD analogue with reduced hallucinogenic effects.
2. Minor molecular modifications preserved neuroplasticity-promoting properties.
3. The compound improved behavioral measures relevant to schizophrenia in mice.
4. Hallucinogenic-like signaling and psychosis-related gene expression were minimized.
5. Results support development of non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogens for neuropsychiatric disorders.

Psychedelics for substance use disorders: are women being addressed?

1. This scoping review assessed how sex and gender are addressed in studies of psychedelics for substance use disorders.
2. Most studies underrepresented women or failed to report sex-disaggregated outcomes.
3. Few studies incorporated sex-based analyses despite known biological and social differences.
4. No studies meaningfully discussed gender implications in interpretation of results.
5. The authors call for systematic integration of sex and gender perspectives in future research.

The landscape of ketamine use disorder: Patient experiences and perspectives on current treatment options

1. This international mixed-methods survey documents a substantial burden of physical, psychological, and social harms among people with ketamine use disorder.
2. Urological symptoms, nasal damage, and gastrointestinal pain were highly prevalent, yet treatment-seeking remained low despite significant impairment.
3. Withdrawal symptoms such as craving, anxiety, and low mood were commonly reported, indicating a clinically relevant abstinence syndrome.
4. Participants who accessed care often described existing addiction services as poorly adapted to ketamine-specific harms and trajectories.
5. The findings reveal major service gaps and underline the need for ketamine-specific clinical pathways and professional training.

The impacts of policies controlling the spatial availability of take-away alcohol on consumption and harms

1. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from natural experiments evaluating policies that regulate off-premise alcohol availability.
2. Expanding alcohol sales to convenience stores was consistently associated with increased consumption and alcohol-related harms.
3. In contrast, expanding access through grocery stores showed little or no evidence of increased harm, highlighting outlet-specific effects.
4. Policies reducing allowable alcohol content were linked to fewer emergency department presentations.
5. Results support nuanced, context-sensitive alcohol availability policies integrated with pricing and marketing controls.

Effects of legal access versus illegal market cannabis on use and mental health

1. This randomized controlled trial compared regulated, pharmacy-based cannabis access with continued illegal market use.
2. Legal access was associated with a modest reduction in cannabis misuse severity over six months.
3. The reduction was most pronounced among participants with concurrent use of other substances.
4. No significant differences emerged for depressive, anxiety, or psychotic symptoms between groups.
5. Findings support regulated access models as harm-reduction tools rather than drivers of increased use or psychiatric harm.

Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for methamphetamine use disorder: A pilot open-label safety and feasibility study

1. This pilot open-label study evaluated the feasibility and short-term safety of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for methamphetamine use disorder.
2. Participants received structured preparation, a single psilocybin session, and integration therapy in an outpatient setting.
3. No serious adverse events occurred, and reported adverse effects were transient and manageable.
4. Reductions in self-reported methamphetamine use and craving were observed during follow-up.
5. Results support feasibility and justify larger randomized trials to evaluate efficacy and durability of effects.

Concomitant use of antidepressants and classic psychedelics: A scoping review

1. This scoping review examined clinical and experimental evidence on the combined use of antidepressants and classic psychedelics.
2. Across studies, concomitant use was generally safe and not associated with serotonin syndrome.
3. Some attenuation of acute psychedelic effects was reported, though findings were inconsistent.
4. Clinical improvements in depression were observed even when antidepressants were continued.
5. The review challenges routine antidepressant discontinuation and emphasizes patient safety and accessibility.

Single treatment with MM120 (lysergide) in generalized anxiety disorder

1. This phase 2b randomized clinical trial evaluated single-dose lysergide (MM120) in moderate to severe generalized anxiety disorder.
2. Doses of 100 μg and 200 μg produced clinically meaningful anxiety reductions at four weeks compared with placebo.
3. Lower doses failed to show significant effects, indicating a clear dose–response relationship.
4. Adverse effects were dose dependent and consistent with known psychedelic effects.
5. Findings support further phase 3 trials and position lysergide as a potential novel anxiolytic treatment.

The Index of Cannabis Equivalence (ICE): A user-centered approach to standardization of cannabis dose–response

1. This study proposes a user-derived standard unit to compare cannabis doses across routes of administration.
2. Survey data from over 1300 users informed equivalence estimates for smoking, vaping, and edibles.
3. The ICE prioritizes subjective intoxication and route of use rather than THC content alone.
4. Findings highlight limitations of THC-based standard units for cannabis.
5. A standardized framework could improve harm reduction messaging, research comparability, and regulatory design.

Residential treatment for individuals with substance use disorders: Assessing the evidence

1. This comprehensive review assessed the evidence base for residential treatment of substance use disorders.
2. Across reviews and individual studies, the overall level of evidence was rated as moderate.
3. Randomized trials showed mixed results when residential treatment was compared with other levels of care.
4. Methodological limitations, including sample selection and comparison groups, constrained conclusions.
5. Residential treatment remains a relevant option for individuals with high psychosocial needs, but better research is required.

5F-AKB48: A synthetic cannabinoid presenting an emerging public health concern in France

1. This retrospective analysis describes 304 cases of 5F-AKB48 exposure reported to French poison control centers.
2. Most cases involved adolescent males, with e-cigarette liquids as a common route of administration.
3. While most poisonings were mild to moderate, severe neurological symptoms occurred in a minority of cases.
4. Co-exposure with other substances increased the risk of severe outcomes.
5. Findings identify 5F-AKB48 as an emerging public health concern requiring targeted prevention and regulation.

Sip, savor, but don’t spill: mindfulness enhances alcohol enjoyment without boosting consumption

1. Two randomized controlled experiments examined whether a brief mindfulness induction alters alcohol enjoyment and consumption in low-risk drinkers.
2. Mindfulness significantly increased subjective enjoyment and positive affect during alcohol tasting while reducing negative emotions.
3. Despite enhanced enjoyment, actual alcohol consumption did not increase relative to control conditions.
4. Implicit attitudes toward alcohol remained unchanged, suggesting a dissociation between affective experience and behavioral impulse.
5. Findings highlight that mindfulness may intensify sensory reward without reinforcing use, depending on motivational and regulatory context.

How the brain decides which moments you’ll never forget

1. Experimental studies examined how emotionally salient events influence memory for temporally adjacent neutral experiences.
2. Emotionally charged moments retroactively and proactively enhanced memory for otherwise mundane details.
3. Neural prioritization mechanisms favored weak memory traces when they overlapped with salient experiences.
4. The findings help explain why contextual details surrounding major life events are often vividly remembered.
5. Results suggest potential applications for learning enhancement and treatment of memory disorders.

Patient involvement in undergraduate psychiatric education: an international survey

1. An international survey assessed the extent and forms of patient involvement in undergraduate psychiatric education.
2. Levels of involvement ranged from minimal participation to fully integrated and sustainable educational roles.
3. Patient involvement was associated with perceived improvements in empathy, communication skills, and realism of training.
4. Implementation varied widely across countries and institutions, reflecting structural and cultural barriers.
5. The authors highlight patient involvement as a valuable yet underutilized educational resource in psychiatry.

A qualitative study exploring motives for the transition from injecting to smoking drugs in Vancouver, British Columbia

1. Qualitative interviews explored why people who use unregulated drugs transition from injecting to smoking.
2. Participants described smoking as a strategy to reduce injection-related harms and manage overdose risk.
3. Drug smoking was framed as a form of resilience in the context of an unpredictable and toxic drug supply.
4. Social stigma, discretion, and control over dosing shaped consumption practices.
5. Findings support expanding harm reduction services for people who smoke drugs.

Opioid Withdrawal as a Barrier to Harm Reduction

1. Community-based survey data examined how opioid withdrawal affects engagement in harm reduction behaviors.
2. Nearly half of participants reported withdrawal as a frequent barrier to drug checking and overdose prevention.
3. Depression, higher opioid use, and demographic factors were associated with lower harm reduction engagement.
4. Withdrawal altered decision-making even among individuals knowledgeable about overdose prevention.
5. Results underscore withdrawal management as a critical component of harm reduction strategies.

A Scoping Review of Interventions Addressing Social Determinants of Health and their Influence on Opioid Use Disorder Outcomes

1. This scoping review synthesized evidence on interventions targeting social determinants of health in opioid use disorder.
2. Most interventions addressed healthcare access, community context, or economic stability.
3. Outcomes included improved treatment initiation, reduced opioid use, and lower overdose risk.
4. Methodological heterogeneity and inconsistent measurement limited comparability across studies.
5. The review highlights the need for broader and more rigorous SDOH-focused interventions.

Cannabis Use Among Individuals With Psychosis After State-Level Commercial Cannabis Legalization

1. The study assessed cannabis use changes among individuals with psychosis after legalization.
2. Recreational legalization was associated with increased 30-day cannabis use.
3. Increases were larger than those observed in the general population.
4. No significant changes were observed in high-frequency use.
5. Findings have implications for cannabis regulation in vulnerable populations.

Growing pains: Administrative burden and regulatory compliance in German Cannabis Cultivation Associations

1. The study examined early implementation challenges of Cannabis Cultivation Associations in Germany.
2. Administrative burden created significant barriers to association establishment.
3. Regulatory complexity limited harm reduction and market displacement goals.
4. Stigma and financial risks affected participation.
5. Policy adjustments are needed to support effective implementation.

Behavioural Effects and Naloxone Effectiveness With New Synthetic Opioids

1. The review synthesizes evidence on behavioural effects of novel synthetic opioids.
2. Nitazenes show wide variability in potency and overdose risk.
3. Naloxone remains effective but may require higher or repeated dosing.
4. Polysubstance use complicates overdose response.
5. Findings support expanded naloxone access and drug checking services.

Questions and Concerns About MDMA-Assisted Therapy in Veterans with PTSD Symptoms

1. The study explored veterans’ attitudes toward MDMA-assisted therapy.
2. Participants expressed both hope and concerns about safety and side effects.
3. Misunderstandings about MDMA and therapy were common.
4. Concerns about addiction potential were frequently mentioned.
5. Findings inform psychoeducation and survey development for MDMA-AT.

Naloxone dosing in the era of synthetic opioids: Applying the Goldilocks principle

1. The article discusses challenges in naloxone dosing with potent synthetic opioids.
2. Both under-dosing and over-antagonism pose clinical risks.
3. A titrated, patient-specific dosing approach is recommended.
4. High-dose formulations raise new training challenges.
5. Education and monitoring are essential for safe overdose response.

A Scoping Review of the Emergence of Novel Synthetic Opioids in Australian Drug Markets

1. Novel synthetic opioids have recently emerged in Australian drug markets.
2. Nitazenes and fentanyl analogues are responsible for most reported harms.
3. Surveillance systems have detected increasing nitazene-related poisonings since 2021.
4. Some harms occurred among opioid-naïve individuals due to contaminated stimulants.
5. Drug checking and naloxone distribution are key harm reduction responses.

Higher levels of naloxone protection are associated with lower risk-taking

1. The study examined risk compensation in relation to naloxone access among people using unprescribed opioids.
2. Higher levels of naloxone protection were associated with fewer overdose risk behaviors.
3. Naloxone protection was linked to lower overdose incidence over time.
4. No evidence supported the hypothesis of increased risk-taking due to naloxone access.
5. Findings support policies promoting universal naloxone availability.

Early evidence of the effects of xylazine-adulterated fentanyl in Ohio

1. Xylazine has increasingly been detected as an adulterant in fentanyl supplies in Ohio.
2. Higher xylazine prevalence was associated with increased overdose deaths.
3. Xylazine-adulterated fentanyl may contribute substantially to excess mortality.
4. Naloxone may be less effective in xylazine-related overdoses.
5. The findings highlight the urgency of monitoring emerging adulterants.

5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine for alcohol use disorder: a phase 2 trial

1. A single dose of 5-MeO-DMT was tested in people with moderate to severe alcohol use disorder.
2. The intervention showed acceptable safety and tolerability.
3. Reductions in alcohol consumption and craving were observed.
4. Half of participants achieved continuous abstinence during follow-up.
5. Results support further controlled clinical trials.

Recovering in place: what the concept of place can offer recovery science

1. Recovery science has focused mainly on individual-level change.
2. The article introduces a place-based framework for understanding recovery.
3. Physical and social environments shape recovery trajectories.
4. The model integrates recovery capital with spatial perspectives.
5. Place-based approaches have implications for policy and practice.

Defining a threshold for higher potency cannabis products in legal markets

1. Cannabis potency has increased substantially in legal markets, raising public health concerns.
2. Higher THC concentrations are associated with increased risks of cannabis use disorder and psychosis.
3. Evidence does not support a clear absolute THC threshold for defining high potency products.
4. Low regulatory thresholds may be undermined by access to illegal or alternative legal markets.
5. Policymakers must balance feasibility, consumer understanding, and harm reduction goals.

Freedom is (still today) therapeutic: centenary and continuing relevance of Franco Basaglia

1. Franco Basaglia combined psychiatric reform with social and political critique.
2. His work challenged institutional psychiatry and promoted deinstitutionalisation.
3. Basaglia’s ideas remain relevant in contemporary mental health services.
4. Freedom is framed as a therapeutic principle rather than a secondary outcome.
5. His legacy informs modern debates on human rights in psychiatry.

Could alcohol-free and low-alcohol beverages be used to extinguish alcohol cravings?

1. No- and low-alcohol beverages may influence alcohol craving through associative learning.
2. Repeated exposure without alcohol could theoretically extinguish conditioned craving.
3. The approach may only be suitable for individuals pursuing abstinence.
4. Combining no/low-alcohol beverages with pharmacotherapy may enhance effects.
5. Empirical evidence is currently limited and requires further study.

The Relationship between Attachment Types and Drug of Choice: A Cluster Analysis

1. Attachment styles are associated with different substance use patterns.
2. Disorganized attachment shows increased vulnerability to opioid and sedative use.
3. Secure attachment is linked to lower substance-related risk.
4. Findings align with neurobiological models of attachment and addiction.
5. Attachment-informed interventions may improve prevention and treatment.

A scoping review and concept analysis to inform Canada’s safe(r) opioid supply research agenda

1. Safe(r) opioid supply encompasses diverse clinical and community-based approaches.
2. The literature reveals conceptual ambiguity in current usage.
3. Two main paradigms are identified: prescribed and non-medicalized supply.
4. Clear definitions are needed to assess benefits and risks.
5. Conceptual clarification can guide research and policy development.

Supporting desistance from crime: The promise of psychedelic-assisted therapy

1. Psychedelic-assisted therapy is explored as a support for desistance from crime.
2. The approach emphasizes identity change and meaning-making.
3. Justice-involved populations may particularly benefit from such interventions.
4. Community-based settings are favored over prison environments.
5. Empirical evidence on recidivism outcomes is still lacking.

Are We Doing Enough? Drug-Related Deaths as a Pressing Social Issue

1. Drug-related deaths represent a major and growing public health and social problem, particularly affecting young people.
2. Northern European countries show especially high mortality rates despite advanced health systems.
3. Current prevention efforts are insufficient and unevenly implemented across countries.
4. Drug-related mortality must be understood beyond individual risk factors, including social and structural determinants.
5. Stronger political commitment and implementation of evidence-based interventions are urgently needed.

MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for PTSD: A Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials

1. MDMA-assisted psychotherapy has shown significant efficacy in reducing PTSD symptoms across randomized controlled trials.
2. A substantial proportion of participants no longer met PTSD diagnostic criteria after treatment.
3. The intervention was generally well tolerated with an acceptable safety profile.
4. Concerns remain regarding risk–benefit balance and regulatory approval.
5. Further trials with strict ethical oversight are required to inform clinical implementation.

The Relationship Between Psychedelic Use and Alcohol Use Disorder in a Nationally Representative Sample

1. The study examined associations between psychedelic use and alcohol use disorder in a large representative sample.
2. Past-year LSD use was associated with lower odds of alcohol use disorder.
3. MDMA and ketamine use showed no significant association with alcohol use disorder.
4. LSD use was linked to fewer alcohol-related symptoms.
5. Findings suggest substance-specific effects and support further mechanistic research.

The Brain Disease Model of Addiction and Epistemic Injustice

1. The brain disease model of addiction dominates contemporary addiction science and policy.
2. Critics argue that the model neglects social, cultural, and economic contexts of drug use.
3. The paper applies the concept of epistemic injustice to addiction framing.
4. Disease-based narratives may undermine autonomy and experiential knowledge of people who use drugs.
5. An alternative approach grounded in epistemic justice is proposed.

What Can We Learn from Low-THC Cannabis Growers in Europe?

1. The study compares low-THC and high-THC cannabis growers in Italy and Switzerland.
2. Low-THC growers tend to be older and more medically motivated.
3. They report lower levels of problematic cannabis use.
4. Legal frameworks have shaped distinct cultivation practices and motivations.
5. Low-THC growers should be considered a distinct policy-relevant group.

Are Cannabis Use Problems Comparable Across Recreational and Medical Users?

1. The study examined cannabis use problems among recreational and medical users.
2. Medical cannabis users reported lower severity of dependence scores.
3. Daily use increased dependence risk across all groups.
4. Motivations for use influence the experience of cannabis-related problems.
5. Tailored harm reduction strategies are recommended.

The Short-Term Health Effects of Dealcoholised Red Wine

1. The review assessed health effects of dealcoholised red wine.
2. Moderate short-term benefits were observed for antioxidant capacity.
3. Effects were smaller compared to regular red wine.
4. No consistent benefits were found for other health outcomes.
5. Findings do not justify alcohol consumption for health reasons.

Conceptualizing Cannabis Grey Markets: A Typology Based on the Uruguayan Case

1. Legal cannabis markets coexist with illegal and grey markets.
2. The study proposes a typology of light, standard, and dark grey markets.
3. Grey markets emerge from regulatory barriers and access limitations.
4. Different grey market types require differentiated policy responses.
5. Understanding grey markets is essential for effective cannabis regulation.

Psilocybin Outside the Clinic: Public Health Challenges

1. Psilocybin use has increased rapidly outside clinical settings.
2. Potency variability and unregulated access pose public health risks.
3. Poison control calls related to psychedelics have risen sharply.
4. Clinical trial data do not generalize to real-world use.
5. Expanded real-world research and harm reduction strategies are urgently needed.

Central GLP-1 Receptors: Novel Molecular Targets for Cocaine Use Disorder

1. GLP-1R agonists reduce cocaine reward and relapse.
2. Cocaine alters endogenous GLP-1 signalling.
3. GLP-1R activation modulates mesolimbic dopamine.
4. Evidence supports clinical trials for relapse prevention.
5. Unknowns include sex differences and tolerance.

Insight into the Role of the Gut-Brain Axis in Alcohol-Related Responses

1. Gut-brain peptides modulate alcohol intake and reward.
2. GLP-1 and amylin agonists reduce drinking and relapse.
3. Effects involve mesolimbic dopamine circuits.
4. Human data support GLP-1 and ghrelin involvement.
5. Future work must explore synergy and sex differences.

GLP-1 and Substance Use Disorders: An Emerging Pharmacotherapeutic Target

1. GLP-1R agonists reduce alcohol and substance-related behaviors.
2. Mechanisms include reward, stress, and cognition.
3. Clinical studies remain limited but promising.
4. Identifying responders remains an open question.
5. Ongoing trials will clarify translational potential.

Septal GLP-1 Receptor Expression Determines Suppression of Cocaine-Induced Behavior

1. Septal GLP-1Rs are essential for suppressing cocaine behaviors.
2. GLP-1R stimulation reduces cocaine reward.
3. Effects mediated via VTA-projecting circuits.
4. Identifies brain microcircuits for GLP-1 anti-cocaine action.
5. Supports GLP-1 pathways as therapeutic targets.

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Promising Therapeutic Targets for Alcohol Use Disorder

1. Preclinical GLP-1RA data reduce alcohol intake.
2. Blunts dopamine reward activation.
3. Clinical effect mainly in overweight AUD.
4. Genetic links between GLP-1R and AUD.
5. Promising but under-studied option.

Mechanisms of GLP-1 in Modulating Craving and Addiction

1. GLP-1 modulates dopamine, GABA and glutamate.
2. Reduces drug use across substances.
3. Vagal/metabolic factors influence effects.
4. Human data show reduced craving.
5. Neurometabolic therapeutic approach.

The Efficacy of GLP-1 Agonists in Treating Substance Use Disorder

1. Five human studies identified.
2. Three showed positive SUD effects.
3. Exenatide reduced heavy drinking in obesity.
4. Dulaglutide improved metabolism only.
5. Evidence remains mixed.

GLP-1 Analogues in the Neurobiology of Addiction

1. GLP-1RAs reduce drug intake and dopamine.
2. Reward and metabolic circuits intersect.
3. BBB penetration limits translation.
4. Best effects in obesity/IR.
5. Precision trials recommended.

Potential Role of GLP-1RA in SUD: Systematic Review of RCTs

1. Five RCTs included.
2. Three showed reduced SUD.
3. Exenatide effective only in obesity.
4. Dulaglutide ineffective for smoking.
5. Evidence heterogeneous.

What is Motivational Interviewing?

1. Defines motivational interviewing (MI) as a directive, client-centred counselling style for eliciting behaviour change by resolving ambivalence.
2. Emphasizes that MI relies on evoking the client's intrinsic motivation rather than imposing external pressure.
3. Highlights the centrality of empathy, collaboration, and respect for autonomy — the 'spirit' of MI.
4. Argues that persuasion and confrontation are counterproductive in facilitating change.
5. Establishes MI as a structured yet flexible method applicable to diverse clinical contexts.

Toward a Theory of Motivational Interviewing

1. Proposes a theoretical model of MI consisting of relational and technical components.
2. The relational component involves empathy and partnership, the technical one focuses on evoking and reinforcing client change talk.
3. Suggests a causal chain linking therapist training, therapist-client interaction, and outcomes.
4. Identifies MI as distinct from cognitive-behavioural and confrontational approaches.
5. Provides an empirical framework for understanding mechanisms of change within MI.

Motivational Interviewing for Substance Abuse

1. Systematic review and meta-analysis assessing MI effectiveness in treating substance abuse.
2. Includes 59 RCTs with 13,342 participants comparing MI to various control and treatment conditions.
3. Finds MI more effective than no treatment in reducing substance use at short-term follow-up.
4. No significant differences found when compared with treatment as usual or other active interventions.
5. Concludes that evidence quality is low to moderate and further research is needed.

Changing Behaviour: Using Motivational Interviewing Techniques

1. Explains MI as a cognitive-behavioural technique aimed at changing maladaptive health behaviours.
2. Describes its theoretical roots in the Transtheoretical Model (stages of change).
3. Outlines the importance of intrinsic motivation and the role of ambivalence in change.
4. Emphasizes empathy, collaboration, and patient autonomy.
5. Demonstrates MI applications in chronic illness and health behaviour management.

Motivational Interviewing

1. Presents MI as a patient-centred, directive counselling style combining warmth with strategy.
2. Defines four core principles: empathy, developing discrepancy, rolling with resistance, and supporting self-efficacy.
3. Highlights MI’s collaborative, non-confrontational nature in promoting behavioural change.
4. Notes evidence for MI’s effectiveness across various psychiatric and medical settings.
5. Emphasizes therapist’s role in negotiation rather than persuasion or correction.

Ten Things That Motivational Interviewing Is Not

1. Clarifies misconceptions and distinguishes MI from related concepts and models.
2. Emphasizes that MI is not identical with the Transtheoretical Model or CBT.
3. Rejects notions of MI as a manipulation technique, decisional balance, or panacea.
4. Reaffirms the importance of MI’s relational 'spirit' and technical precision.
5. Aims to preserve methodological integrity in MI training, research, and practice.

The Relationship in Motivational Interviewing

1. Explores the therapeutic relationship as a key mechanism in MI.
2. Defines 'spirit of MI' as empathy, partnership, and autonomy support.
3. Differentiates relational and technical factors contributing to change.
4. Highlights the evocation of 'change talk' within an empathic context.
5. Warns against misapplications such as confrontation or directive advice-giving.

Review of Motivational Interviewing in Promoting Health Behaviors

1. Reviews evidence for MI in promoting diet, exercise, diabetes, and oral health behaviours.
2. Identifies 37 studies across three emerging health domains.
3. Finds MI effective in improving lifestyle behaviours beyond addiction treatment.
4. Highlights methodological challenges and need for more robust trials.
5. Suggests investigating mediators such as change talk in future research.

Consolidation/reconsolidation therapies for the prevention and treatment of PTSD and re-experiencing: a systematic review and meta-analysis

1. Systematic review/meta-analysis of consolidation/reconsolidation-based interventions for PTSD.
2. Reconsolidation-based treatments showed large effects for PTSD symptom reduction in small trials.
3. Hydrocortisone (prevention) and RTM/cognitive interference (treatment) had the strongest signals.
4. High risk of bias and heterogeneous protocols limit certainty and generalizability.
5. Advocates strict adherence to reconsolidation conditions (e.g., memory reactivation) in future RCTs.

Reviewing the Potential of Psychedelics for the Treatment of PTSD

1. Reviews MDMA, ketamine, classical psychedelics, and cannabinoids for PTSD treatment.
2. Emphasizes psychotherapy-first approach with drug-assisted sessions as catalysts.
3. Notes limited efficacy of approved SSRIs and persistent unmet need.
4. Describes putative mechanisms: fear extinction, memory consolidation, alliance enhancement.
5. Calls for rigorous RCTs and protocols integrating set, setting, and integration sessions.

Effectiveness, Acceptability and Safety of Pharmaceutical Management for Combat-Related PTSD in Adults: Systematic Review of 22 RCTs

1. Systematic review of 22 RCTs (n=1221) assessing pharmacological management of combat-related PTSD.
2. Active drugs showed significant improvements in total PTSD, depression, anxiety, re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms.
3. No significant differences in overall adverse events compared to placebo, but discontinuation due to adverse events was higher for some drugs.
4. Amitriptyline, imipramine, and quetiapine showed positive effects; risperidone and topiramate associated with more discontinuations.
5. Findings apply mainly to male adults under 60; need for larger, high-quality studies for generalizability.

The Efficacy of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in Managing PTSD: A New Frontier?

1. Narrative review of psychedelic-assisted therapy (MDMA, ketamine, classical psychedelics, cannabis) for PTSD.
2. Psychedelics may reduce symptoms by enhancing neuroplasticity and emotional processing.
3. Evidence remains preliminary; most data from small studies and case reports.
4. Integration and preparatory sessions critical for therapeutic benefit and safety.
5. Calls for rigorous trials and development of healthcare integration frameworks.

Treatment Guidelines for PTSD: A Systematic Review

1. Systematic review of 14 international PTSD treatment guidelines (2004–2020).
2. Cognitive behavioral therapy consistently recommended as first-line psychological treatment.
3. SSRIs are first-line pharmacological agents; prazosin for nightmares inconsistently addressed.
4. Many guidelines outdated and lacking stakeholder involvement or applicability considerations.
5. Need to update and harmonize PTSD guidelines to improve clinical utility and address treatment-resistant symptoms.

Complex PTSD: Clinical Utility of the Diagnosis

1. Reviews clinical utility of ICD-11 Complex PTSD (CPTSD) compared to PTSD and borderline personality disorder.
2. Validates ITQ and ITI as key diagnostic instruments supporting CPTSD assessment.
3. CPTSD adds disturbances in self-organization beyond core PTSD symptoms.
4. CPTSD diagnosis may improve tailored interventions and clinical communication.
5. Future research needed post-ICD-11 implementation to refine treatment strategies for CPTSD.

To Predict, Prevent, and Manage PTSD: Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Biomarkers

1. Integrative review of PTSD pathophysiology, disease models, prevention, and biomarkers.
2. Highlights HPA-axis dysfunction, neurotransmitter imbalance, and altered brain circuits.
3. Psychotherapy remains first-line; pharmacotherapy and combined approaches also described.
4. Multilevel prevention models and early detection strategies are proposed.
5. Promotes biomarker discovery to personalize PTSD risk prediction and treatment response.

Clinical Conceptualisation of PTSD in Psilocybin Treatment: Disrupting Maladaptive Interpretive Frameworks

1. Conceptual review of psilocybin’s therapeutic potential for PTSD through disrupting rigid maladaptive frameworks.
2. Synthesizes safety, efficacy, and mechanisms of psychedelic therapy in trauma-related disorders.
3. Highlights importance of trauma-informed, structured protocols for safe psilocybin administration.
4. Discusses integrating neurobiological, psychological, and social models of PTSD in treatment.
5. Proposes recommendations for research and clinical use of psilocybin for trauma survivors.

Post-traumatic stress comorbidity in substance use disorder: machine learning analyses of phenotypic drivers

1. Machine learning (CART) was used to identify phenotypic predictors of PTSD comorbidity in SUD patients.
2. Depressive symptoms and fear-related attentional bias emerged as key drivers distinguishing SUD+PTSD from SUD alone.
3. The approach achieved 86.7% predictive accuracy with robust sensitivity and specificity.
4. Findings support self-medication models and highlight emotion regulation and cognitive bias as treatment targets.
5. Results require replication and harmonization across studies for clinical application.

Pharmacotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis

1. Systematic review and meta-analysis of 52 RCTs on pharmacological treatments for PTSD.
2. Antidepressants and antipsychotics showed comparable efficacy in symptom reduction.
3. Dropout rates averaged 29%, while response rates averaged 39% across studies.
4. SSRIs and SNRIs remain guideline-recommended but show variable outcomes and tolerability.
5. Results support individualized pharmacotherapy considering efficacy and dropout risk.

Co-occurring trauma- and stressor-related and substance-related disorders in youth: A narrative review

1. Reviews prevalence and mechanisms of co-occurring trauma/stressor and substance use disorders in youth.
2. Trauma exposure and poly-victimization markedly increase risk for PTSD and SUD.
3. Shared neurobiological vulnerabilities and self-medication contribute to comorbidity.
4. Early screening in acute care and emergency settings recommended.
5. Integrated, interdisciplinary care combining psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy emphasized.

Advancing Integrated Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorders—Commentary and Recommendations

Highlights the effectiveness and safety of integrated trauma-focused treatment for co-occurring PTSD and SUD.
Shows integrated treatment can be applied without requiring abstinence, supporting harm-reduction and patient-centered approaches.
Replicates effectiveness in Sweden, suggesting cross-cultural transportability.
Challenges long-held abstinence prerequisites for trauma-focused therapies in SUD.
Recommends more international trials and flexible implementation.

Ecological momentary assessment studies of comorbid PTSD and alcohol use: A narrative review

Summarizes EMA research linking PTSD symptoms with alcohol craving and use in daily life.
Identifies moderators and mediators of PTSD–alcohol associations.
Supports the self-medication hypothesis.
Notes methodological challenges and potential for just-in-time interventions.
Suggests EMA can inform remote, targeted treatment.

Pharmacological memory modulation to augment trauma-focused psychotherapy for PTSD: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Systematic review of 13 RCTs augmenting trauma-focused psychotherapy with pharmacologic agents.
Mixed findings across agents (e.g., propranolol, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, D-cycloserine).
Some trials show benefit, several show null or adverse effects.
Substantial heterogeneity in augmentation protocols and quality.
Calls for replication and matching agents to patient subgroups.

Clinical Therapeutic Strategy and Neuronal Mechanism Underlying Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Reviews neural circuits implicated in PTSD (amygdala, PFC, hippocampus).
Summarizes current psychological and pharmacological treatments.
Discusses omega-3 LCPUFA and FABP pathways as potential targets.
Emphasizes deficits in fear extinction and memory consolidation.
Introduces animal models for testing new strategies.

Enhancing Psychological Interventions for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Treatment with Memory Influencing Drugs

Reviews combining psychotherapy with memory-modulating drugs to enhance outcomes.
Outlines agents acting on consolidation/retrieval/extinction, including MDMA and cannabinoids.
Summarizes translational evidence from animal and clinical studies.
Stresses precise timing and integration with therapy sessions.
Identifies research gaps for combined approaches.

Early pharmacological interventions for prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals experiencing acute traumatic stress symptoms

Cochrane review on drugs to prevent PTSD after acute trauma.
Evaluates escitalopram, hydrocortisone, and oxytocin among others.
Finds mixed, limited evidence for prophylaxis.
Highlights heterogeneity and small sample sizes.
Calls for larger, well-powered prevention trials.

Efficacy and acceptability of interventions for co-occurring PTSD and SUD: A meta-analysis

Meta-analysis of 28 RCTs (N=3247) for comorbid PTSD/SUD.
Trauma-focused treatments outperform comparators on PTSD but not SUD outcomes.
Manualized SUD treatments best for SUD outcomes post-treatment.
Treatment retention similar across modalities.
Supports offering multiple evidence-based options.

Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Cochrane review of pharmacotherapies for PTSD across multiple drug classes.
SSRIs first-line with small-to-moderate effects.
Mixed or limited evidence for other classes; benzodiazepines discouraged.
Highlights need for better-quality, novel trials.
Summarizes outcomes across efficacy and safety.

Adverse Effects of Synthetic Cannabinoids: Management of Acute Toxicity and Withdrawal

1. Reviews acute and chronic adverse effects of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs).
2. Highlights severe toxicity cases reported to poison control centers in the US.
3. Notes dependence and withdrawal syndromes emerging in daily users.
4. Withdrawal symptoms may be treated with benzodiazepines or quetiapine.
5. Calls for systematic research into SC withdrawal and effective treatments.

The e-Psychonauts’ ‘Spiced’ World: Assessment of the Synthetic Cannabinoids’ Information Available Online

1. Web crawling study analyzing online psychonaut forums about synthetic cannabinoids (SCs).
2. Identified 1,103 SC molecules, with 863 not listed in UNODC or EMCDDA databases.
3. Shows discrepancy between online mentions and official monitoring.
4. Highlights risk of unknown SCs with unpredictable pharmacological profiles.
5. Suggests collaboration between clinicians and bioinformatics for better monitoring.

Emerging Drugs of Abuse: Current Perspectives on Synthetic Cannabinoids

1. Reviews emergence and spread of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) as recreational drugs.
2. SCs mimic cannabis but are sold as 'legal highs' in herbal mixtures and e-liquids.
3. Wide variability in CB1/CB2 receptor affinity leads to unpredictable effects.
4. Reported adverse effects include cardiovascular, psychiatric, and neurological symptoms.
5. No antidote exists; management is symptomatic, highlighting health risks.

Potential Mechanisms Underlying the Deleterious Effects of Synthetic Cannabinoids Found in Spice/K2 Products

1. Reviews brain mechanisms underlying harmful effects of synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs).
2. SCBs act as strong agonists at CB1R and CB2R, unlike THC.
3. Effects include severe neuropsychiatric symptoms beyond those of cannabis.
4. Discusses gene expression changes (e.g., CREB) involved in SC toxicity.
5. Highlights greater risks of SCBs compared to phytocannabinoids like THC.

A Critical Assessment of the Abuse, Dependence and Associated Safety Risks of Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Cannabinoids

1. Evaluates abuse potential and dependence risks of natural and synthetic cannabinoids.
2. THC has moderate abuse/dependence risk; CBD shows no intoxicating properties.
3. Synthetic cannabinoids are highly reinforcing, intoxicating, and pose greater risks.
4. Cannabis risks lower than alcohol/tobacco but not negligible.
5. Calls for further research on interactions, especially with CBD and synthetic cannabinoids.

Safety and Tolerability of Natural and Synthetic Cannabinoids in Adults Aged Over 50 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

1. Systematic review/meta-analysis of 46 RCTs on cannabinoid-based medicines in older adults.
2. THC-containing cannabinoids increased risk of adverse events and withdrawals.
3. No significant rise in serious adverse events or deaths found.
4. CBD alone showed no increased adverse event risk.
5. CBMs are generally safe in older adults, though THC:CBD combinations less tolerated.

Toxicity of Synthetic Cannabinoids in K2/Spice: A Systematic Review

1. Systematic review of 64 studies on toxicity of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs).
2. Reports link SCs to higher toxicity and addiction potential compared to THC.
3. Common adverse effects: tachycardia, seizures, neuropsychiatric symptoms.
4. 14 studies described deaths, mainly linked to AB-CHMINACA and MDMB-CHMICA.
5. SCs pose special risk for epilepsy and schizophrenia due to psychiatric/neurologic complications.

Synthetic Cannabinoids: A Pharmacological and Toxicological Overview

1. Reviews pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs).
2. SCs have higher receptor affinity and potency than THC, causing intense effects.
3. Recreational SC use dominated NPS markets in US and Europe during 2009–2019.
4. SC intoxications linked to severe outcomes including deaths.
5. Highlights challenges in monitoring, detection, and public health policy.

Synthetic Cannabinoids-Related Cardiovascular Emergencies: A Review of the Literature

1. Systematic review of cardiovascular emergencies linked to synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs).
2. Reports include acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmias, and hypertension.
3. Complications can occur suddenly even in healthy individuals.
4. Severe cases include cardiac arrest and death; no specific antidote exists.
5. Early recognition and supportive management are critical for outcomes.

Overview of Synthetic Cannabinoids ADB-FUBINACA and AMB-FUBINACA: Clinical, Analytical, and Forensic Implications

1. Reviews properties and toxicology of ADB-FUBINACA and AMB-FUBINACA.
2. These SCs are 85–140 times more potent than THC.
3. Linked to severe intoxication cases and multiple fatalities worldwide.
4. Metabolized extensively; detection in urine is challenging.
5. Full CB1 agonism explains cardiovascular, neurological, and psychiatric risks.

Synthetic Cannabinoids 2015: An Update for Pediatricians in Clinical Practice

1. Reviews SC use in adolescents and children, highlighting rising prevalence.
2. Newer, more potent analogues appear rapidly, complicating detection.
3. Reported health effects: seizures, myocardial infarction, renal damage.
4. Psychiatric consequences include aggression, anxiety, and psychosis.
5. Pediatricians should recognize SC presentations despite diagnostic challenges.

The Effects of Cannabinoids on Executive Functions: Evidence from Cannabis and Synthetic Cannabinoids—A Systematic Review

1. Systematic review of 160 studies on cannabinoids and executive functions.
2. Both cannabis and SCs impair attention, memory, and cognitive flexibility.
3. SCs linked to more severe and long-lasting cognitive deficits than cannabis.
4. Effects depend on type, dose, age of onset, and duration of use.
5. Highlights importance of understanding cognitive risks of SCs use.

Molecular Pharmacology of Synthetic Cannabinoids: Delineating CB1 Receptor-Mediated Cell Signaling

1. Reviews CB1 receptor-mediated signaling mechanisms of SCs.
2. SCs show high CB1/CB2 affinity, stronger potency than THC.
3. Mechanisms include inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and modulation of ion channels.
4. SC toxicity linked to seizures, respiratory depression, arrhythmias, stroke, and psychosis.
5. Highlights structure–activity relationships and need for advanced assays.